Biodiesel is achieving considerable momentum as a viable option to conventional petroleum. B30, which contains 30% biodiesel and 70% traditional diesel, is emerging as a popular choice for cutting carbon emissions. This mixture offers several benefits, including enhanced fuel performance and the opportunity to reduce reliance on scarce fossil fuels

Polymer composites reinforced using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate significant gains in mechanical characteristics. The incorporation of CNTs, due to their exceptional strength, can lead to a substantial increase in the composite's tensile strength, modulus, and impact resistance. This enhancement stems from the synergistic interaction between